Ali Akbar DR. Ahmadi Chenari; Dr.Ali Asghar Habibi
Abstract
The main purpose of this research is pondering and explaining the place of women in the process of Palestine’s resistance by analyzing related symbols in Fadwa Touqan’s poetry. She is known as the representative and the exemplary personality of women’s poetry and to some extent her reputation has ...
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The main purpose of this research is pondering and explaining the place of women in the process of Palestine’s resistance by analyzing related symbols in Fadwa Touqan’s poetry. She is known as the representative and the exemplary personality of women’s poetry and to some extent her reputation has been in the shadow of the literary characteristic of her brother, Ibrahim Touqan. Fadwa has a prominent role in visualizing the endeavors of Palestine women for fighting against Zionist occupiers. In this paper, it is tried to ponder and analyze the woman’s resistance symbols in her poetry as below:
Symbolic unity of woman and motherland.
Symbolic presence of Palestinian fighting girls.
The reflection of historical stories and myths.
Key words: Fadwa Touqan, resistance poetry, symbols, Palestinian woman.
Dr.Javad Asghari
Abstract
Baha’ Taher is one of the most prominent story writers of Modern Egypt who has ten works. He is a realist author who exploits artificial potential of realism. Our purpose in this paper is to introduce technical and subjective aspects of his fiction. Thus, in first section of this paper we study the ...
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Baha’ Taher is one of the most prominent story writers of Modern Egypt who has ten works. He is a realist author who exploits artificial potential of realism. Our purpose in this paper is to introduce technical and subjective aspects of his fiction. Thus, in first section of this paper we study the trait of plot and conflict in Baha' Taher's works and treat some subjects as story of situation, dramatic novel and civic places in his works and in second section we analyze some contents of his stories like June revolution, those of mid caste and highbrow, colonialism and Palestine.
Key words: story, plot, conflict, subject, Baha' Taher.
Dr.Farhad Rajabi
Abstract
Commitment to social issues of human being is a dominant theme in contemporary poetry which introduces poets to the history who make an attempt to depict social concepts and solve the problems of society.
Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayyati and Mehdi Akhavan Sales are two prominent poets who move along this ...
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Commitment to social issues of human being is a dominant theme in contemporary poetry which introduces poets to the history who make an attempt to depict social concepts and solve the problems of society.
Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayyati and Mehdi Akhavan Sales are two prominent poets who move along this atmosphere. They live in two communities with similar social conditions. Due to common beliefs and thinking backgrounds, they have similar viewpoints in confronting existing social issues.
This paper aims to review their poetry from an exploratory perspective and discover the examples arisen out of such viewpoints.
Key words: contemporary poetry, human, society, commitment, ignorance, poverty, defiance.
Dr. Ali Salimi; Peiman Salehi
Abstract
Badr Shaker al-Sayyab, the Iraqi poet, and Khalil Hawi the Lebanese poet, both had pessimistic views to their time , its chaotic situation and confused way of life that had been drowned in lag and ignorance and cruelty. Artistically using of the ancestors ' inheritance and myths like fables of Sinbad ...
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Badr Shaker al-Sayyab, the Iraqi poet, and Khalil Hawi the Lebanese poet, both had pessimistic views to their time , its chaotic situation and confused way of life that had been drowned in lag and ignorance and cruelty. Artistically using of the ancestors ' inheritance and myths like fables of Sinbad 's adventures in their poetry, is a good device to show the bitter truths of that time .
Even though at first al-Sayyab was hopeful and used the myth to show his campaigning intentions, but not very long later he got a hopeless mood. In fact Sinbad was the description of the poet's mental and carnal pains and also was the echo of Iraq that its political and social structures were to be changed.
But Khalil Hawi in one way used this myth to show the pains of himself and his nation but in the other way Sinbad found an other dimension in his mind, and it was turned to a code to make new civilization. So, his Sinbad by facing dangerous adventures and having victory in them, got the purposes that al-Sayyab 's Sinbad hadn't got in one of the hope and despair confront with each other and in another despair has its shade on every thing.
Key words: al- Sayyab, Khalil Hawi, Sinbad myth, despair&hope.
Dr.Abbas Dr Arab; Kolsum Seddiqi
Abstract
This question may be raised in the mind of reader of this article that what motivation causes treating the feature of parnassism , in the ode of pre-Islamic Arab poet living hundreds of years before the rise of this school.
Did Imru' al-Qais’ belong to the time beyond his contemporary period or ...
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This question may be raised in the mind of reader of this article that what motivation causes treating the feature of parnassism , in the ode of pre-Islamic Arab poet living hundreds of years before the rise of this school.
Did Imru' al-Qais’ belong to the time beyond his contemporary period or the problem is something else? In fact although parnassism is a new name for a special literary school in nineteenth century, but many of it’s features and principles are seen in Arabic poems and particularly in pre-Islamic poems and many of it’s features have been a part of the nature of such insolent poets like Imru' al-Qais’ a poet that like parnassians believes that neither the poem is demonstrative of sublime moral values nor the poet has to observes the social manners and consider the public satisfaction but the important thing in poem is it’s beauty, harmony and it’s being a poem.
The authors of this article aim to look for the reality and depth of a poem that embodies an art for the sake of art view and speak about a poet that although some of the critics doubt in his being and his poems but as some of the critics believe he has been the pioneer of pre-Islamic poets.
Key words: poetry, ethics, Parnassism, Imru' al-Qais, clarity.
Dr.Yahya Ma'roof
Abstract
Ahmad Matar is the prominent Iraqi poet and a committed character of this age who in the contemporary Arab world enjoys great fame. Since the Holy Qur'an and religious texts, are the inspiring references to all Arab poets, Ahmed Matar is no exception. The borrowing of Qura'nic verses and contents in ...
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Ahmad Matar is the prominent Iraqi poet and a committed character of this age who in the contemporary Arab world enjoys great fame. Since the Holy Qur'an and religious texts, are the inspiring references to all Arab poets, Ahmed Matar is no exception. The borrowing of Qura'nic verses and contents in his poetry is due to his understanding and his wisdom in a unique manner. This article intends to answer the following questions:
1-What is intertextuality and what does it mean in his poems in relation to the Qur'an?
2-The borrowing from the Qur'an in his poems: the apparent phenomenon or hidden?
3-The borrowing from the Qur'an in his poems: acceptable
or unacceptable?
4-Is there any mimic of harmonic form of some Qur'anic verses for ironic criticism?
5-Is there any allegorical borrowing in his poems?
Key words: Ahmad Matar, poem, borrowing ,Qur'anic, eqtebas.
Dr. Hossein Novin; Dr. Faramarz mirzaii
Abstract
The legend of Shahrzad as the most famous legend of One Thousand and One Nights has inspired a significant number of works in the Arab Literature. Being inspired by this work, Tawfigh al-Hakim created his beautiful play called Shahrzad which has been created a magnum opus in play writing by so many ...
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The legend of Shahrzad as the most famous legend of One Thousand and One Nights has inspired a significant number of works in the Arab Literature. Being inspired by this work, Tawfigh al-Hakim created his beautiful play called Shahrzad which has been created a magnum opus in play writing by so many literary critics. The analysis of this play and comparison of it with the legend of Shahrzad in A Thousand and One Nights indicates that Hakim has used the character of Shahrzad as the deep structure of his play and through a literary manipulation has succeeded to give his play a symbolic and mystical form and has presented A Thousand and One Nights as the highest type of thought. A comparison of these two literary works shows not only the effect of Persian culture on the literature all over the world but also clarifies similarities and dissimilarities between Persian and Arab culture. The present paper is an attempt to indicate similarities and differences in content and form of the two works through the use of content analysis and comparative method.
Key words: Tawfigh al-Hakim, play, One Thousand and One Nights, Shahrzad, symbol.
Dr.Sayyed Mohammad Hosseini; Razieh Khosravi
Abstract
Syntax principles in Arabic are the main base of this language ,yet they have always been accompanied with complexity specially in the field of education. No doubt that different factors create this situation. Some of these factors are vapidity of principles ,traditional methodology , fruitless efforts ...
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Syntax principles in Arabic are the main base of this language ,yet they have always been accompanied with complexity specially in the field of education. No doubt that different factors create this situation. Some of these factors are vapidity of principles ,traditional methodology , fruitless efforts and aimless education. Furthermore ,naturally , syntax consists of philosophical analysis and a large amount of idioms and details which make it difficult to for being understood not only by the learners but also by the teachers. Thus, it seems necessary to simplify the syntactic rules, and this is why so many attempts have been done up to now in this field although with little effect. Regarding all these facts it appears that irregular ,sparse and not education-related solutions for syntax simplification will not be of any use. Instead, for accomplishing this task, we should use linguistic and teaching facts and knowledge. This paper aims to answer the questions like: How much could the attempts to simplify the syntax principles achieve? Why were these efforts fruitless? Which method can be suggested to simplify syntax education with better results?
Key words: simplification. education. syntax. student
Dr.Sayyed Esma'il Sayyed Esma'il Hoseiniajdad
Abstract
The extent of popularity and circulation of a foreign language words inside a specific region can be considered as an evidence of mental, social and political impact of that foreign civilization and culture upon the people of that area.
This paper deals with the influence and popularity of Persian ...
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The extent of popularity and circulation of a foreign language words inside a specific region can be considered as an evidence of mental, social and political impact of that foreign civilization and culture upon the people of that area.
This paper deals with the influence and popularity of Persian words in Pre-Islamic poetry. The wide range of this popularity in various fields emphasizes the religious, economic ,politic and military influence of Persia upon Arabia.
Key words: Persian, Arabia, Pre-Islamic, cultural interaction
Dr.Hasan Dadkhah; Fatima Sa'aduni
Abstract
This study reviews the topics of some famous orientalists' books ,regarding Arabic literature, and evaluates the style of their literary history writing, their intellectual inclination and methods .Identifying their methodology in this field, helps us to have a better understanding of their special ...
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This study reviews the topics of some famous orientalists' books ,regarding Arabic literature, and evaluates the style of their literary history writing, their intellectual inclination and methods .Identifying their methodology in this field, helps us to have a better understanding of their special perspectives. Realizing the position of the" History of Arabic Literature" in orientalists' studies, their share and role they had in giving a true understanding of the history of Arabic literature is also appreciated. The most important point in this regard is the orientalists' method in classifying the periods of Arabic literature. Carl Brukelman, for example, has not only identified literary periods and named the poets, writers, and their works, but he has also examined sciences of the periods such as jurisprudence, philosophy, theology, medicine,and history of Islam. However , other orientalists like Gonzales, have only focused on research of literary works in a particular period and made their attempts to clarify the most specific literary points in a particular era.
Key words: Arabic literary history, orientalist, approach.
Dr.Gholam Abbas Rezaie; Dr.Shirkoo Yari
Abstract
Since the appearance of the knowledge of syntax the grammarians made an effort to develop the rules of Arabic language, through which the Quran was sent down. To do this they considered some principles:1 ) To develop the rules of syntax they only referred to the language of Arab noble and eloquent tribes. ...
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Since the appearance of the knowledge of syntax the grammarians made an effort to develop the rules of Arabic language, through which the Quran was sent down. To do this they considered some principles:1 ) To develop the rules of syntax they only referred to the language of Arab noble and eloquent tribes. 2) They developed the rules of syntax based on the widespread and prevalent language of Arabs and considered the others rare and unusual and deemed it sufficient to be recorded and did not adhere to those rare instances. 3) They developed syntactic rules based on speech and dialects of eloquent Arabs and considered oral language as a base for written one ,in this way they deduced written language through the speech and dialects of eloquent Arabs .
In this study ,we have tried to explore Abu Ali al-Farsi's points of view ,one of the distinguished grammarians in the 4th century of Higra, regarding syntactic evidence & analogy .
He believed that the syntactic rules have to be derived from dominant Arabic language and not from rare dialects. He also thought that acceptance by usage is more important than analogy which can not be given greater value than the accepted dominant language.
Key words: Abu Ali al-Farsi ,syntax , syntactic evidence & analogy, widespread & unusual , syntactic Interpretation
Dr. Hamed Sedghi; Dr. Soghra Falahati; Ali Akbar Mollaie
Abstract
This study attempts to review and analyze Abu-Firas's Roomiia ode and identify the elements composing it by going through the text rhetorically and semantically. In this research the special quality of the ode has affected the selection of the method and coming to a result.
In this paper, the authors ...
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This study attempts to review and analyze Abu-Firas's Roomiia ode and identify the elements composing it by going through the text rhetorically and semantically. In this research the special quality of the ode has affected the selection of the method and coming to a result.
In this paper, the authors have taken advantage of the method called discourse analysis of poem, the effective technique to detect latent and apparent purposes of the poet. They tried to study the influence of poet 's spiritual and emotional conditions on the coherent elements, the style of expression, the vocabulary type and order and the poetic composition. This article aims at scrutinizing the question whether the poet's emotional energy was manifested in the form of his poetry, and whether the poet's original intention and his emotional center can be realized by studying the ode's elements. The findings of this study represent the deep relationship between the mentality and inspiring language of the poet in this ode, and prove that deep feelings of pain caused by captivity, influenced the harmony and unity of expressive architecture and emotional tune of the ode.
Key words: Abu-Firas al-Hamdani, Roomiia ode, harmony, emotion, image, poetic diction
Dr. Hasan Abdollahi; Sayyed Mohammad Imamzadeh
Abstract
Dating- in- verse is a rhetorical art which-according to the most reliable documents- appeared during the period of decline in Arabic literature, although some authors believed that Pre-Islamic poets also wrote some kinds of it.
Dating-in-verse is the versification of a date written by use of ABJD alphabetical ...
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Dating- in- verse is a rhetorical art which-according to the most reliable documents- appeared during the period of decline in Arabic literature, although some authors believed that Pre-Islamic poets also wrote some kinds of it.
Dating-in-verse is the versification of a date written by use of ABJD alphabetical order ,in which each letter marks or equals a number, e.g. A=1, B=2 , J=3 etc.
To versify a date ,the poet makes a phrase or a sentence whose letters –if summed up- equal the date of an event, like the date of someone's birth or death and so on.
Having harmony, rhythm and rhyme, the versified date can be memorized easier than a date made of mere a number.
This art has been popular in traditional literary circles during last two centuries and Shiite theologians have created numerous verses of this poetic type.
This paper deals with the introduction of this rhetoric art and the poetic samples written by Shiite theologians during two last centuries.
Key words: dating-in-verse, Shiite, theologians, ABJD alphabetical order &calculation
Dr. Ali Nowroozi; Hamid Abbāszadeh
Abstract
Taboo words are topics and concepts not used because of their common law or socio-religious unlawfulness. Such unlawfulness of the taboo words causes that people use these dirty, naughty, rude and unpleasant concepts in a good, friendly, kind, polite and far from any frankness mood. This kind of meaning ...
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Taboo words are topics and concepts not used because of their common law or socio-religious unlawfulness. Such unlawfulness of the taboo words causes that people use these dirty, naughty, rude and unpleasant concepts in a good, friendly, kind, polite and far from any frankness mood. This kind of meaning assigning is referred to as euphemism.
The euphemism category has been in the focal point of Muslim philologists and critics since the beginning of literary and linguistic researches, so that most of them began to introduce, name and analyze the methods, incentives and meaning scopes of this kind of linguistic behavior. To name this kind of meaning assigning, the ancients used propositions such as "al -talattof meaning stating something softly", or sometimes they made use of the methods for coining euphemism such as "al -kinayah meaning irony". In Arabic, the semantic areas for euphemism are sexuality, disasters and tragic events like death and illness. Furthermore, observing modesty and shame, reducing the negative meaning loads of frank phrases and softening them, fear and pessimism, courtesy, amusement and innovation and respect all are the main reasons for using euphemism.
This article aims to review the position of "euphemism" in literary criticism, the use of this linguistic behavior and the ways of coining it. Depending on the situation, the authors will put forward the ancients' viewpoints.
Key words: euphemism, taboo, linguistic behavior, defamiliarization
Dr. Hossein Abavisani
Abstract
Ambiguity and obscurity are frequently used to indicate a similar meaning yet there are real differences between them. The ambiguity is an affirmative concept in Arabic poetry, and the critics consider it as an artistic standard in best literary samples. Whereas, obscurity is a negative concept which ...
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Ambiguity and obscurity are frequently used to indicate a similar meaning yet there are real differences between them. The ambiguity is an affirmative concept in Arabic poetry, and the critics consider it as an artistic standard in best literary samples. Whereas, obscurity is a negative concept which results to the lack of text's values of skillfulness.
This article deals with an explanation of the literal and the idiomatical meanings of ambiguity and obscurity. It discusses Arabic poetic specimens known as samples of ambiguity particularly in Symbolic and Surrealistic odes .
Key words: ambiguity، obscurity، Whole Ode، surrealism، symbolism.
Dr. Tayyebeh Seyfi; Dr. Narges Ansari
Abstract
There is no doubt that colors are important factors in creating arts including poetry. The poets use them because of their visual beauties to show their hidden values. Sometimes they go further – beyond the external features – ad use colors as symbols to express their own meaning.
Moreover, modern ...
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There is no doubt that colors are important factors in creating arts including poetry. The poets use them because of their visual beauties to show their hidden values. Sometimes they go further – beyond the external features – ad use colors as symbols to express their own meaning.
Moreover, modern poet’s deep insight and vision are the main causes to change the colorful portrait to a bright wonderful one.
Among all colors, green has been the most attractive one to modern Arab poet, Abd al Mo’ti Hijazi, for it is the dominant color of village, the poet’s real beloved.
This paper deals with the position of green color in Hijazi’s poetic images and its symbolic meanings and aesthetic aspects.
The green is the most prominent color in Hijazi’s poetry which proves his interest in this color which is the symbol of his beloved countryside as well as the symbol of his political ideas.
Key words: Abd al – Mo’ti Hijazi, poetry, symbol, aesthetics, green color, village.
Dr. Roohollah Sayyadinejad
Abstract
Paradoxical expression is a type of defamiliarization – unknown to early Arabic Linguists – who considered it as a kind of antinomy. In Arabic literature paradox has been used since early periods but it was not recorded as poetical trick in literary figures books. Modern Arab poets became acquainted ...
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Paradoxical expression is a type of defamiliarization – unknown to early Arabic Linguists – who considered it as a kind of antinomy. In Arabic literature paradox has been used since early periods but it was not recorded as poetical trick in literary figures books. Modern Arab poets became acquainted with it through Western literature. Paradox in Arabic contemporary poetry is formed in syntax and semantic. Paradox in case of its mutual shape has two kinds: near paradox and far paradox. The two sides of paradox in oxymoron are like two blades of scissors which sting the mind that is addicted to usual affairs. The nearer the space between the two sides of paradox, the more eloquent the speech.
Key words : paradox, oxymoron, opposition, Arabic contemporary poetry.
Dr. Sadegh dehghan
Abstract
Some of the criteria for the evaluation and vetting of Research Articles, are the significance of the study, the need for researching the specified topic, and preparing an appropriate title.
Academic scholars and research authorities have research useful finding to improve research methods and have ...
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Some of the criteria for the evaluation and vetting of Research Articles, are the significance of the study, the need for researching the specified topic, and preparing an appropriate title.
Academic scholars and research authorities have research useful finding to improve research methods and have set certain standards for selecting topic and preparing appropriate titles for scholarly studies. These standards include topic specificity, topic significance, lack of redundancy in topics, and topic transparency. Respecting these standards takes a lot of experience and care.
An investigation of the above standards in over 80 research article in authoritative Arabic language and literature journals reveals that, except for a small number, the bulk of the published articles suffer from such short-comings as having too broad topics, Cliché topics, too long or obscure titles, which reveals lack of care or obscure titles which reveals lack of care or even lack of sufficient awareness about the bases and principles of research methodology.
Key words: research article, topic selection, title drafting, Arabic literature
Dr. Yahya Ma’roof
Abstract
The poets of lyrical poetry usually take advantage of various ways. One method used to compose love poetry is usage of alphabetic letters. Other than the combination of letters in order to create new words and meanings, Arabic letters of alphabet basically have another literary role – discussed in ...
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The poets of lyrical poetry usually take advantage of various ways. One method used to compose love poetry is usage of alphabetic letters. Other than the combination of letters in order to create new words and meanings, Arabic letters of alphabet basically have another literary role – discussed in this paper – that of outward shape of the letter which has been used to create the most beautiful examples of love poetry. Since the Arabic letters are also used in Persian we discuss the samples of Arabic and Persian poetry.
Key words: love poetry, alphabetic letters, Persian and Arabic poetry
Dr. Ali Montazemi; Dr. Ali Nowroozi; Ali Akbar Ahmadi chenari
Abstract
Utopia is an ideal society imagined and dreamed by most great thinkers . It originated in Plato’s idealism in the book “ Republica ” . This article deals with Fawzi Ma’louf ’s utopia in the ode: «Ala Besat al - Rih». He is a well- known poet of Arabic Romanticism. In this paper, first the ...
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Utopia is an ideal society imagined and dreamed by most great thinkers . It originated in Plato’s idealism in the book “ Republica ” . This article deals with Fawzi Ma’louf ’s utopia in the ode: «Ala Besat al - Rih». He is a well- known poet of Arabic Romanticism. In this paper, first the conception of utopia and the reason of it’s predominance in romanticism are examined , followed by a brief introduction to the ode. Regarding the narrative structure of the ode, we will discuss the drama elements such as : conflict , dialogue , time and place , used here to depict the poet’s utopia , Next section is devoted to the function and role of romantic imagination in creating poet’s ideal world . In the final section , we will demonstrate that freedom as the greatest dream of the poet, includes ideal concepts such as : peace, justice, true love and eternity .
Key words: Fawzi Ma’louf , ’Ala Besat al - Rih , utopia , freedom
Dr. Hossein Mirzaeinia; Monireh Zibaei
Abstract
Abd al - Salam al-’Ujayli is a Syrian physician, literary man and novelist. By his specific style and personal method in expression and description, al-’Ujayli is a link between leading authors of thirty and forty decades of twenty century on one hand, and innovators of fifty and sixty decades on ...
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Abd al - Salam al-’Ujayli is a Syrian physician, literary man and novelist. By his specific style and personal method in expression and description, al-’Ujayli is a link between leading authors of thirty and forty decades of twenty century on one hand, and innovators of fifty and sixty decades on the other hand. His literary works are a combination of abilities of these two generations. His style is nice, easy, and without difficult literary features.
Other distinguished characters of his style are eloquence and usage of scientific words. His characters come from all classes of the society.
The most significant subjects of his stories, which are closely related to people’s problems, are derived from his own personal life experiments or various social events or from knowledge obtained through his numerous travels to different countries.
Key words: ’Ujayli, Syria, modern Arabic literature, short story, content.
Dr. Ali i Najafi Ivaki
Abstract
Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayyati(1926-1999) is one of those poets whose poems make frequent use of myths. Drawing on the ancient myths, and making modifications to them, he tries, while enriching his literary work, to express his views more cogently he does not simply retell the traditional myths, rather, he ...
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Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayyati(1926-1999) is one of those poets whose poems make frequent use of myths. Drawing on the ancient myths, and making modifications to them, he tries, while enriching his literary work, to express his views more cogently he does not simply retell the traditional myths, rather, he present new and richer interpretations of these myths and using defamiliarization, conveys his own experiences through them. A psychological analysis of the mythological characters shows that they in fact represent the poet himself in his works, revealing his wishes, desires, and intentions. His mythical characters are concerned and complain about the same sociopolitical issues, seeking political freedom and social justice. In a nutshell, it could be said that his mythical characters symbolize emotional humiliates, adventurism, nostalgic empathy sacrifice. This article intends to review mythology in contemporary Arabic poetry and uncover the employment and functions of myths such as Oedipus, Sisyphus, Jesus, Sandbad in Abd al- Wahhab al Bayyati.
Key words: Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayyati, myth, Arabic poetry, function
